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Depending upon its location, epithelial tissue does much more than function as a defensive system. In the gastrointestinal tract it is responsible for nutrient absorption. Sometimes damage in one area can lead to problems in another. For example, acidosis results in thickening of the epithelial cells in the rumen wall, as well as sloughing (breaking) of the absorptive villi - reducing the rumen's ability to absorb nutrients. The epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract must be tough enough to prevent accumulation of contaminants that could clog air passages while being thin enough to allow air exchange. The epithelial tissue lining the ovaries, oviducts and uterine tract help move and attach the eggs and later the embryo. The epithelial cells of the skin are critical to the animal's survival. It must be an effective barrier to water absorption and water loss and yet provide a barrier to physical, chemical and foreign bodies like bacteria and viruses. |
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